I'm not exactly what you would call a Limbaugh Listener, but some aspects of this article do seem to raise my "socialism" radar.
"Well, here's the clever bit that should make this tax popular with most voters: every penny raised from the carbon tax should be divided equally among a country's citizens."
"People who live in a huge house, drive gas-guzzling cars and fly lots will lose out under this regime. The dividend they receive will be outweighed by what they pay for fuel, flights and heating. Most people, however, will be richer. Families and retired people struggling to make ends meet would gain far more from the dividend than they lose in higher bills."
This is just too easy for people to label redistribution of wealth, and it is bad economics from the beginning. A much more logical approach would be to first, implement a long term phase in of a carbon tax, setting a future date 5-10 years in the future, which would increase yearly by a small amount over a long period of time. This alone would encourage private investment in alternative energy, hopefully increasing R&D and giving a jump start to mass production of cleaner technologies.
Furthermore, once the tax is put into effect it should be used to increase the R&D funding more and place subsidies on the technologies which are already available, both of which would have the effect of lowering the price of renewables further. Giving carbon money to poor people makes very little sense IMO...
Using money to encourage alternative energy could also solve the China-India problem, two nations which are unlikely to agree to any tax treaty. If they see their Western competitors are starting to invest in alternative energy however, it could lead them to research these as well, if only for the sake of staying competitive--especially when they consider there will be a future tax on CO2 (even if it is only imposed on North America and Europe) that will increase demand of these technologies.
Motivating China would perhaps have the greatest effect at developing a clean alternative to fossil fuels, since China is on average about 5x better at researching, developing and mass producing new technologies economically than the US.