Hi Brandon,
There’s a vast amount of data out there, what specifically were you looking for? Some commonly referenced datasets include…
• Historical temperatures (satellite, instrumental and reconstructed), projected temperature changes in the future
• Changes in the cryosphere such as the Arctic, Antarctic, mountains, glaciers etc. Ice mass changes, extent, area, volume, density, thickness.
• Meteorological data including rainfall, snowfall, storm data, wind data etc.
• You can get data specific to a town, region or state, country of the whole world.
Also, what formats are you looking for. A lot of the data is in Net CDF format, if you’re wanting the large datasets having a CDF enabled computer will help. Basic datasets are normally available as text files (comma delimited) and sometimes as spreadsheets.
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The NOAA is a good starting point (see links below)
Here’s s a handy site with several datasets to play with. Choose where, when and what then plot the graph. The data are available to download as JSON, XML or CSV or copy and paste into Excel, Word or similar.
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/
More NOAA datasets are here:
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets
The National Climatic Date Center is here:
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access
And the Global Historical Climate Network datasets are here:
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ghcnm/
Lots of data here, mostly in CDF and ASCII (plain text) formats:
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/index.html
NASA has plenty of temp data to play with:
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/
Here’s data about the cryosphere:
http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/
The World Bank has a knowledge portal and data archive:
http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm
If there’s anything specific you’re after then please add details.